dWok'/ lyld g]jfMt j yLyL hft
;'efif/fd 

j0ff{>d wsfM dg"to\u' hLjgoft dg"of b“ sy+ d" Ko+u' Ajo\ g+ Ajynf tMu' b' . a|Dxro{, u[x:y, jfgk|:y j ;Gof; . yLyL ;Eotfof ljsf;ln;] dg"of ;dfho\ jMu' hl6ntfgfk ljefhgof cjwf/0fft g+ Gx\oft Oldu' b'yO . ;'+g+ dg"of /xg;xg, HofM, /+u, u'0f sy+ em+ em+ dg"t laeSt h'h"+ jg . h'h' hol:ylt dNn+ g]kfno\ hflto ljefhg xMu' wfM;f+ j l;a] Gx\oM g+ yg y'HjMu' ljefhg db'u' dv' . dfq y'ln ls hft ljefhg ofgfM hft ljz]ifof Hof, j;M, /xg;xg, ;+:sf/to\u' /fhsLo lgod bo\sn hol:ylt dNn h'h'+ . ljb]zL lj4fglk+ sLlt{gfy pkfWofo\, /3'gfy emf, >Lgfy e§, d}yln lj4fglk+ >Lgfy emf, /fdgfy emf lklgu' d+sfM Ujfxfln+ Gxfkfof hflto Joj:yfoft ;+zf]wgof Hof h'n cn] lnR5lj sfno\ !* hft lnkf &@% hft h'n . O{ ln;] ln;] yL ToM dToM of s'/Llt jMu' cn] ljsf;of lglt+ y'sy+of kMvfMt bo] dHo"u' ljrfM b';f+ y'lsoft cGwljZjf;gfk hs :jfo]]u' g+ kfo\l5 dh" . g]jfM ;dfhoft b'jfnfM :jo] ano\ a';f+lg+;] ;L w'+sfMtsof x/]s ;+sf/of nflu d]u' hfltofs] Tof;f sfo] Djfo\s km'Ss 5u" x] g]jfM hflt b'g]+ x] ;stf+ Hof h'Ou' afo\ a';f+lg;]+ ;L w'+sfM tsof hLjg xg]t dfMu' ;stf+ xnHjn+ bo]sLlk+, ;stf+ Hof ofo]t dfMlk+ g]jfMto\ by'O x] b'u'ln+ g]jfMto\t /fi6« b'g]of /fi6« (nation with in the nation) g+ wfo]u' ofM . hflto Joj:yf+ g+ g]jfMt 5u" hflto ;Dk|bfo hs dv';]+ /fi6« vM w}u' v“oft ltaMAo".
s'n hg;+Vofo\ ;l5O u'OAj w}y]+ x] gjfMt b'u' y''u' gu/o\ yLyL hftof g]jfMt yf}+ts g+ ;lxi0f'tfk"j{s hLjg xgfRj+u' x] b'. gu/o\ lyld, gub[o\, Ajb]o, ltslg, lgsf]l;/f j Njx+sLyln yf;o\ g]jfMto\u' k'rM al:t b' . g]jfM al:tO Sjo\ Rjof sy+of hft ;d'bfo+ a;f]af; ofgfRj+u' b'. 
! BM a|Dx" -a|fDx0f_ 
@ :o:oM ->]i7_
# s'DxfM -k|hfklt_
$ ef“ -sf/+lht_ 
% k'+ -lrqsf/_
^ ;fo\ld -dfgGw/_
& l5kfM -/+lhtsf/_
* gfo\ -v8\uL_
( h'lu -s':n]_
!) 3f/f3'/ -xfnfx'n'_
!! bf]+ -jfBsf/_
!@ b'Nof -/fhjfxs_
!# sf} -gsdL{_
!$ KjM -kf]8]_
!% stfM -;'4sf/_
!^ gf} -gflkt_
!& uy' -dfnfsf/_
!* u'efMh' -jh|frfo{_ j d]d]u'
y'lsof ln;]+ Gx'u' al:tO t'nfw/ Jo~hgsf/ j d]d]u' g]jfM hfltlk+ a;f]af; ofgf jofRj+u' b' . y'lk+ hft b'g] g+ oSj a]gf+t b' . u'lsof d" clek|fo ;'+ g+ Dx;Ls]u' cMk'u' dfWod x] vM . lyldO :o:oMto\ hs x] !*) dNofs a]gf+t b' . cy] x] d]d]u' hfto\ g+ . yLyL a]gf+tgfk+ psy+of x] Gx\ofOk';] Rj+u' afv+t g+ :jfgfRj+u' b' . a]gf+ d'Vo ?k+ Sjo\ Rjof sy+of cfwf/o\ pTklQ h"u' n'Os]km'.
! nhufM -occupation_ of lnw+;fo\ –
k/Dk/fut ?k+ s'DxfMto\u' Hof rf ef/f bo]sLu' vM;f u'ln+ u'ln+l;g+ yMu' k/Dk/fut nhufM TjMtf d]u' nhufno\ NxfM t;]+ln ;dfh+ la:s++Dx dg" y]+ tfo]sfM Gx"u' nhufMof gfd+ Oldt ;+jf]wg ofo]u' h'ofjg . s'DxfMt ln;]+ :o:oMto\ g+ nhufMof lnw+;fo\ a]gf+t bM jMu' v+s]km' . uy]ls – alh ldOlk+ alh a+hfM, a/+ ldOlk+ a/+ahfM, wf} ldOlk+ wf} a+hfM, cy]x] e't'a+hfM, l;“ a+hfM, n'“ a+hf, t" a+hfM, 3f“o\ a+hfM, sM;" a+hfM, sfkM ;fx" j d]d]u' . 
@ RjgLu' yfo\of lnw+;fo\ –
TjfM axfM cflb ug RjgLu' vM plsof x] gfd+ ;Daf]wg ofo] ano\ Dx;Ls] j n'd+s] cMk'Ou' Nofv+ jMu' a]gf+t . b;' – /fds[i0f wfOlk+ 5u" x] Tjfno\ lgDx, :jDx g+ bokm' . cem 5u" x] hftoflk+ . cfM Olk+ dWo] u'Dx ktL /fds[i0f w}u' v“o\ ug Rj+Dx wfo]j+ d]lk+ dg"t;]+ af+nfs y'Ou' h'n uy]ls s'+5]+o\ RjgLDx h";f s'+5]+ -/fds[i0f s'+5]+ cflb_ y'sy+ jMu' 5'+ a]gf+t ef+u' -Ajb]o\of 5u" TjfM_ gjM5]+, ;fM5]+, lbu'ld -lbu' Tjfno\ Rj+Dx_, nfl5, WofSj, uM5]“, rkfln 5]“, tMvf 5]“|, 5\jf;, tMw+lnla j d]d]u' .
# zfl//Ls ljlzi6tfof cfwf/o\ –
;fwf/0f dg" :jof 5'+ g+ v+o\ erf kfMu' zfl//Ls rl/q b'lkGt psy+ x] ;+jf]wg ofof+ j d]d]u' k':tfoft g+ jx] gfd+ ;MtLu' h"j+u' . uy]ls – e'O{, xfs', Gxfo\tMxf, afuM, Njx+ skfM, v'klt+, Gx\o\k+, Ujfo\d? j d]d]u'.
$ hgfj/to\u' gfd+ jMu' –
xf“o\h', dfsM, Wj+, Aof+, km}, av+', SjMh', 5“'h', lvrfh', b'u', Uj+uM, lsl;, lrt'jf, Tjflt, Gof“, Eof“o\, kmf j d]d]u' .
% JolStut :jefjof cfwf/o\ –
jM gM, cfdM gM, ;'ltk+nf gM, hf dgM, d':of gM, wnf}t u'Gbf, Ejfl;dfxf+, l;+s]dgM, Sj]+gM j d]d]u'.
^ g;fTj+;fkfv]+ –
kml;, afs+, xfDjM Sjflt, va'{hf, t'l;, tMl;, ds} cflb.
& d]d]u' hft+ jMu' –
yfkf, vqL, nfdf, e08f/L, - :o:oMto\ by"Oof a]gf+t _ j d]d]u'.
Rjo\of Ajynf ;fdfGo WjMlsof -outline_ hs vM. a]gf+to\u' pTklQ uan] j u'sy+ h'n w}u' dfdf+ jg]ano\ u'ln+ u'ln+ t;s+ ;fdfGo vg]b';f+, t;s+ Gx\ofOk';] Rj+u' afv+t g+ :jfgfRj+u' v+s]km';f, u'ln+ wfM;f :j}t x]afo\ rafo\ ofo] y]+ hs 5\onftMu' g+ v+s]km' . lj:t[t ?k+ Ajyn]t k|To]s a]gf+of yMu' x] pTklQof cfwf/t b'u'ln+ yg k'ms+ Gx\odAjofu' vM . u'lnv] a]gf+t lyldof Oltxf;ln;] :jfgfRj+u' j 5'gfv“of ?kof a]gf+t g+ b' .
5Gx' 5Dx dg" s" HjgfM a'“ jgfRj+u' Ono\ n“o\ 5Dx rv'+rf vg vlg+ . rv'+rf NjM jgf s" n“o\;+ TjMtfM rv'+rf nfM jg . rv'+rf lt+ lt+ Gx'Gx'+ jg, dg" jof No"No" Ajf“o\ jg . oSj x] jg]w'+sfM g+ rv'+rf nfo] dkm';]+ln lg/fz h'ofM yMu' s" TjMtfu' yf;o\ lnxf+jg, t/ ch"rfo\k's– s" cg db' . yy] rv'+rf 5Dxl;of nf]e+ s" t+s]dfMDx dg"oft rv'+rf s" gM wsfM wfo]u' oft . y'lsO rLw+u' rLhof lglt+ tMw+u' rLh t+s]dHo" w}u' ;Gb]z g+ ;'nfRj+u' b' .
5u' d]u' wfk" sy+ lyld Ogfo\ Sjo\ Gxfkf 5u" rs+u' VoM b' . ug e"tk|]t j BMt g+ rfGxo\ Kofv+ Nx" jOu' j ;'y h'nls bgfM jgLu' . 5Gx' 5YjM dg"to\;+ Yj v“ ;Lsf Wjfsf lnSs RjgfM rfGxo\ x] Uj+uM y]+ xfn vlg+ . cn] Kofv+ u0f ;'y h'n d]lkG;+ vgls dv'y] h'O wofeg+ cg x] l;4 h'ofjg . Olk+ Uj+uM y]+ xfMlkGt Uj+uM Uj+uM wfwf+ a]gf+ x] h'ofjg . y'sy+of x] P]ltxfl;s a]gf+ t s't' j efl;df+ g+ vM . Gxfkf Gxfkf nfo\s"of dfxf+ -k'ln;_ of Hof ofOlk+ 5u" hftof 5Dx tMw+Dx dg" t;s+ Ejfl; rfMu'ln+ j}t Ejfl;dfxf+ wfo]u' oft lnkf j x] Ejfl;dfxf+ efl;df+ of ?ko\ cke|+z h'h'+ jg . d]d]u' a]gfdo\ g+ y'HjMu' x] oSj afv+t :jfgfRj+u' b' .
yf}+sGxo\ a]gf+t Rjo\u' em+ em+ x] Dxf] h'h'+ jg . Ajb]o\ – :o:oMt pKjM b'u' yfo\ vM . dWok'/ lyld j8f NofM !,@,# o\ nfMu' Ajb]o\of :o:oMto\;+ kmsl;g+ wofy]+ >]i7 hs Rjo]u' ofM . Ajb]o\of :o:oMto\u' a]gf+t yy] b' .

! hf]zL @ yfkf # yfM  $ vMd"  % lsnf ^ dfsM & nfvo\ * Wj+  ( vko\  !) dGqf+  !! bln  !@ kf+ !# Aof+  !$ wf}alh  !% a'9f  !^ tMld  !& uMl;  !* afnfo\ !( rGBM  @) blx  @! rf+l;+  @@ e'O  @# aftf  @$ eflG;s @% s;  @^ wjfM  @& BM  @* x]/fd]s

@( df]o\  #) kml; #! afuM  #@ le+b'jfM ## b'jfM  #$ k'jf  #% l5lk  #^ clhdf #& UjMhf  #* lknf  #( tMw+lnle  $) ;“o\  $! bfM  $@ xM $# af;'  $$ ;'v' $% km}  $^ ef+u'  $& ofno\  $* tMl; $( HoM  %) t'5]+ %! gf]sf]  %@ w+uM  %# sfo:y  %$ av'+ %% w]s] j d]d]u'

Ajb]o\ b'g] b'lk+ :o:oMt afx]s g]jfMt yy] b'.
! rs|w/ @ srdnf # w]s] $ ;fx'vnM % k|hfklt
^ sdL{ & xf]gf * km}h' ( l;kfxL !) wf}aGhf/
!! ;fx' !@ s:jf !# v';M !$ Vofh' !% sOln j d]d]u'
Ajb]o\of lns nfMu' ltulgO g+ g]jfMto\u' ;d"xut al:t b'. ltulg gf+ ltls+alh of lg+lt+ gf+ hfM . cgof g]jfMto\u' y/ y'sy+ b'.
! /fhynf @ /fhafxs # w]s] $ b'Nof % dfsM 
^ afs+ & x\ofp“dfsM * xfs'dfsM ( ;LVj !) af;'
!! 8f;' j d]d]u'
:jlguMof cflbaf;L vM Hofk't . g]jfMto\ b'g] ;lR5OkL lgAj -$@ k|ltzt_ lt Hofk't b' . gub];o\ KoAjo\ :jAj nf Hofk't x] b' . y'ldu' d" nhufM a'“Hof vM . Hof ofo] km'lk+ Hofkm'of x] cke|+z Hofk' hflt . gub];o\ Hofk'to b'g] Sjo\ Rjof sy+of a]gf+t b' .
! afb] @ Sjh' # b'jfn $ tMSj % cjfn
^ 3Mh' & ;f+kfn * ljwftf ( k|hfklt !) sfn'
!! 5'“h' !@ lvrfh' !# sjfbL !$ xf“o\h' !% b'u'
!^ 8+uf]n !& l;+s]dgM !* Hofk' !( j}B @) ah'
@! aso\ @@ Wj+h' @# WofSj @$ w'+dgM @% njt
@^ xf]gf @& do\h' @* dt+l;/ @( gfo\h' #) ds}
#! ;femjfM #@ Uj+uM ## xfs' #$ ;njh' #% ;f“em\ofM
#^ etf+ #& ;f“o\h' #* ;fx' #( pk $) GofsL
$! av'+ j d]d]u'
s'DxfM -k|hfklt_to\t o]+o\ j ono\ Hofk'to\u' x] wnvo\ to\u' ofM;f+ Vjko\ ÷ lyldO y'ldt la:s+ to]u' ofM . g]jfMto\ s'n hg;+Vof #=! k|ltzt lt s'DxfMt b' . g]kfMof yLyL yf;o\ g]jfM dv'lk+ s'DxfMt -s'dfn, s'Desf/, k|hfklt_ g+ b' . d]d]u' b];o\ g+ g]jfM dv'lk+ k|hfklt b' . y'ldu' cGt/fli6«o ;+u7g b'u' j cGt/fli6«o k|hfklt ;Dd]ng g+ h'O w's"+u' v“ y'yfo\ n'd+s]axM h" . rkfMRjo\ bSsn] oSj ^) k|ltztlt s'DxfMt b' . y'ldu' d" nhufM rf ef/f bo]s]u' vM, a'“Hof lgu"u' nhufno\ nfM.
lyldof g]jfM al:tO s'DxfMto\u' Sjo\ Rjof sy+of a]gf+t b' .
c+ – cfdM gM, cfjfM
s – sfkmf, s'+5]+, Sjflt, sf]n], sMld, s't', sf}/L, sfkM;fx'
v – vko\, vf+;\, va'{hf
u – UjË, uf]vf{nL, uMkrf
3 – 3\jM
r – rs|w/ -wf}a+hfM_
t – t'l;, Tofs'n', tMh, tMvn, tMl;
y – yfjf
b – blx, bf], lbu'ld
w – WofSjo\ -s'ld_, wfs', w]s], WofSjrf, Wjf/l;+, w'+dgM, wdf y", Wj+, Wjf+,
g – Gof“, Gx\o\k+
k – KofyM, kf“o\alh, kt'jfn
km – km}
a – a|Dx'h', aso\, Aof“o\, a+hfM, af;+, Aj/], a}B
e – Ejfl;dfxf+, e+l;, le+alh, efvf, e't"a+hfM, Eof“o\, e}nMTok
d – ds}, d]o\, dfxf+, dfsM
n – nvklt, Njx+skfM, n]x]+k", nfdf, nfl5
; – ;femjfM, l;+s]dgM, ;f“o\, l;hM, ;+vBM, ;'ltk+nf gM, l;gf], ;f]kmf]sf]nf]
x – xl/j+z, xf]gf
j – jf;f, jfUj db'Sj Woaf b'lk+, j“o\, jMgM jfl;+ j d]d]u'
g]jfMto\ b'g] @!=$ k|ltzt :o:oMt b' . lyldof :o:oMto\u' a]gf+ y'sy+ b' .
p – piff
P – PsfbzL
s – s'l;, s; -sfoi7_, sMl;Wj+h', sflr, sfM, sf;L, SjM, s}lt, lsn+ gM, sMld, Soft', sdf{rfo{ -cfrfMh'_, sd', Sj“o\ gM, sM;" a+hf, lsl;
v – v'ltvftf, vLDx', v'kgl;+, v'klt+, lvrflv, VofM, VjfvM, vqL
u – un', UjMhf, Ujfo\d?, UjËM, uM5]“, ufO{+, uh"
3 – 3f“o\ a+hfM, 3+l;nf+
r – rknL 5]“, rf+l;+ -rf/l;+x_, lrt'jf, RjMjfM, r'v+rf+ s" gM, rg;+v, RJffd'
5 – 5'“, 5|\jf;, 5]+sfM, 5ftf a+hfM, l5lk
h – hu'n', hf]zL, HoM, hf dgM, hNyL
em – emfË M
t – tf]vf, ltsfM, tlk, t'n', tfd;M, Tjflt, ltgl;+, tMvf5]“, t" a+hfM, Tofsnf+, Tjfsf, tldlhj+, tMldb]jf+, t'OtMl/
y – yfkf, lys'
b – b'jfM, bfxf, blx, b'u', bfgfo\ b'jfM, bfgklt, Bf+ sMld
w – Wj+, wf}alh, wgaL, WofSj, wgs], Wjfsfl;, wnf]t u'Gbf, wfnrf a+hf, Wj+u, WofSj/f, bfgklt
g – gjM5]+, gfxf, gfOh' gflgrf, Gofs'h', Gofl;+, gf}, Gxfo\ tMxf, Gofn' e':of, g/klt
k – klt, kGBM, k|wfg, kf“u', kfg k|wfg, kf} a+hfM, lknf, kf}uf e+;f, kMdf+, k'v"t, kfTof, kfl5OtMl/
km – kml;, kmf]Ë, kmfs', kmo\s', kmfs+, kmf
a – al;, af]b], lal;BM, afuM, afs], Aofl;t, lahofgGb, af/]h', aMv'+, la;MUjf/f, alh a+hfM, a/+ a+hfM
e – ef/+ Ejf/f, efUoM, leGBM ;fx", e08f/L, e8]n, evL, elt+VoMgM
d – duM, dGBM, df]x, dfsM, dflxnf, dgl;s, dfo\s]“ -df:s]_, do\lt, dxfMBM kMdf+
o – odf
/ – /fhnjt
n – njM, nal;+, nf/+nf, nfdf, n'lvl;, nfvo\, nVof, n'“a+hf, nl5sM
j – jfxf, jfl;+B
; – ;fx', l;“a+hfM, ;'s", ;'jfM, l;GxM v'“, ;f“o\, l;gfl/+, ;fM5]“, ;fk', l;O5\o+, ;'hsf+, ;ed, ;fdf, l;r', ;fNkf
x – xfDjM, xfs'tMl/, xM, x\jf+o\, xf]gf, x\ofd'y's'+,
lyldO b'lk+ ;fo\ld -dfgGw/_to\u' a]gf+t y'sy+ b'.
! xkf+ 5]+ @ lgAj gM # nfvo\ $ l;vM jf vnM
% le+5]vnM ^ ;fx'vnM & yft';fMld * x\ofd'unfM
( wf}VoMld j d]d]u'
lyldof b'lk+ u'?h' lklgu' a]gf+t yy] –
! afMsM @ Ogfs| sM # Sjfs sM $ d? sM
lyldof u'?h'lklg lgvnM b' .
! ah|frfo{ @ a'4frfo{ -zfSo_
dWok'/ lyld !^ j8fof Njx+sLylnuf g]jfM al:tO Sjo\ b'lk+ a]gfof g]jfMto\u' al:t b' .
! af;+ @ KofyM # xf“o\h' $ x]sf % 4f/]
^ ah' & d':of gM * sj] ( s't' !) k|hfklt 
!! >]i7 -yfkf >]i7, kml; >]i7, alh a+hf >]i7_ j d]d]u' .
lgsf]l;/fof g]jfM al:tO b'lk+ yL yL y/of g]jfMt yy] –
! wf} a+hfM @ sf;'nf # s'r' dNn $ nf}xsnf % Vofh'
^ sfh' & s}lt * k|hfklt ( sdf{rfo{ j d]d]u'